![]() To remove calculus effectively, powered devices, such as ultrasonic scalers, have been introduced as alternatives to hand instruments. Hand instruments are used first in removing calculus, but using them is time-consuming. The effective removal of calculus and prevention of the recolonization of periodontal bacteria to periodontal pockets are common strategies used in periodontal therapy. In the clinical study, less pain was observed compared than a wide (conventional) scaler tip design. In the in vitro study, using a slim scaler tip design causes less tooth substance loss compared to a wider scaler tip design. Clinical study: the participants reported significantly lesser pain score during scaling using the PS scaler tip (median: 3) than when using the conventional scaler tip (median: 5) ( p < 0.05). The PS scaler tip caused statistically significantly less root substance loss ( p < 0.05) when the initial thickness of the tooth was < 1000 µm. ![]() In vitro study: both scaler tips caused significant reduction in root substance roughness after scaling ( p 0.05) was observed. Pain perception was recorded using the visual analogue scale (VAS). Group A was treated first with PS scaler tips, whereas group B was treated first with conventional scaler tips. Subjects were randomised to group A or group B. Part 2 Pain Perception: a clinical study, which was a split mouth study design including 30 participants with gingivitis and/or mild chronic periodontitis treated with supra-gingival scaling from teeth #13 to #23. All sectioned samples for tooth surface roughness (n = 20) and tooth substance loss (n = 46) analyses were measured and compared using a 3D surface texture analyser and scanning electron microscope (SEM) respectively, at baseline and following scaling. ![]() This article was divided into the following parts: Part 1 Surface roughness and substance loss: an in vitro study, which involves intact extracted teeth sectioned and treated using a piezoelectric ultrasonic device (PM200 EMS Piezon, Switzerland) with a conventional scaler tip (FS-407) and a Perio Slim (PS) scaler tip (Perio Slim DS-016A). The influence of scaler tip design on root surface roughness, tooth substance loss and patients’ pain perception is investigated.
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